Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) Equalities report was also released on the same day as this report. In 2019, the average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for male offenders was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. All court reports included in published PSR statistics relate to offenders of known sex. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. Further information on the following topics related to offender management is available online: Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning, Safety in Custody, Deaths in or following police contact, Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Restricted Patients, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary License, Licence Recalls. Just over a quarter (26%) of all prosecutions were for female defendants in 2019, which has remained stable over the last 5 years. , Figures from this paragraph are sourced from the data underpinning the Criminal Court Statistics (annual): January to March 2020 bulletin. , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. Main facts and figures. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. Youth custody statistics for September 2013 published. GillespieShields. This compared to Black females accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions. In 2019, the guilty plea rates for indictable-only offences were 57% for males and 61% for females, and for triable-either-way offences they were 74% for males and 67% for females. Figure 6.01: Prison population, by sex, June 2015 to June 2019. Youth custody report for February 2016 published. Lone parents with dependent children represented 17% of all families with dependent children in 2019, and females accounted for 91% of these lone parents[footnote 117]. Instances of self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3, compared to 4.4 for males. There is a glossary that explains the definition of each disposal in the technical guide, along with a summary of the data share. , The conviction ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of defendants convicted by the total number of defendants prosecuted in the same period. Following past trends, females were disproportionately affected by all forms of intimate violence, according to CSEW data[footnote 13]. , Defendants with unknown age and sex are excluded. Between 2015 and 2019 the median time from offence to charge increased for both females and males to varying degrees, up 10% and 33% respectively. Gender roles highlight gender bias in judicial decisions In 2017, the aggregate amount of child support that was expected for receipt was $30 billion; 62% of that amount was actually received, averaging $3,431 per custodial parent. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. , Where there are multiple suspects in a homicide case, they are categorised in the Homicide Index as either the principal or a secondary suspect. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). A higher proportion of female offenders were first time offenders, compared to males. Of all sexual offences, indecent exposure and unwanted touching had the highest prevalence rate. Consistently, White females and males had the shortest ACSL while Asian females and males had the longest ACSL for indictable offences in 2019 at 20.8 months and 28.4 months, respectively. Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. In contrast to what is seen for police and magistrates courts remand, females consistently had a higher proportion than males to be bailed at the Crown Court. An oral report is usually completed within 24 hours of conviction where a limited amount of information is required by the sentencing court. Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. Once in prison, females generally reported a better experience when: on arrival, on the first night, induction and life on the wing. , The data in this section refers to arrests for notifiable crimes recorded by the police. , Caution should be taken when comparing figures for senior staff, however, because the numbers of individuals represented are small - changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. The custody rate for this offence was 19% for females in 2019, compared with 26% for males. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). First time offenders accounted for 24% of offenders who were cautioned or convicted In England and Wales in 2019, of which 78% were male and 22% females[footnote 88]. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2019 publication. In 2018/19, a total of 85,900[footnote 28] adults engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which just over a fifth (21%) were females which is a higher proportion than those arrested (please see arrests section of this chapter). , A release is defined as a release from prison where the prisoner has finished serving the custodial term of their sentence and excludes unsentenced prisoners on remand. In the most recent year, females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender (also known as the frequency rate) compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. Of the sentenced prison population, sentences can be divided into two broad groups: determinate sentences which are for a fixed period, and indeterminate sentences (these include life sentences and indeterminate sentences for public protection IPPs). , In this chapter, children refers to those aged 10 to 15 unless stated otherwise. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. This is true for all stages of timeliness for drug offences. If we become concerned about whether these statistics are still meeting the appropriate standards, we will discuss any concerns with the Authority promptly. Benefit fraud females made up 55% of the 98 summary convictions in 2019, down 3 pp from 2015. There were some differences between the gender groups at this attainment level across all disposals. Of those remanded in custody at Crown Court in 2019, 76% of male offenders were sentenced to immediate custody compared to 60% of females. 2% of crime lower legal aid clients had an unstated sex. Youth custody data for March 2017 published. Personal crime is defined by the CSEW as comprising of all violence and thefts. , Guidance to National Probation Service staff on proposing suspended sentence orders (SSO) changed in 2018, which led to substantial drops in the numbers of SSOs proposed in 2018 and 2019 resulting in volumes too low for a robust comparison. , Breakdown by offence type is not available in the CSEW 2019/20 data. The proportion of female legal aid recipients in the Crown Court was lower with 10% of the crime higher legal aid workload in 2019[footnote 42]. Figure 4.03: Number of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Previously mothers had no rights at all over their children if the marriage broke down. Violent crime was reported by a higher proportion of males (2.1%) than females (1.4%) in 2018/19. Five-year time series refers to 2014/15 to 2018/19. Females also consistently had a higher guilty plea rate for indictable offences. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. Figure 4.05: Number of cautions issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2019/20 (released on the same day as this report) also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. Offenders under supervision or in custody, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Women and the Criminal Justice System 2019, nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3, Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW): year ending March 2020, Homicide in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, Nature of Violent Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20, Police Powers and Procedures, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2020, Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, Probation (Community Orders and Suspended Sentence Orders), Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service, https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Crime in England and Wales Annual Trend and Demographic Tables, Nature of Violent Crime, England and Wales: year ending 2019 (appendix tables), Criminal Court Statistics (annual): January to March 2020, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020, Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf, Source: GCSE and equivalent results: 2013 to 2014 (revised) National tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender, Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Figure 9.01: Proportion of practitioners in organisations involved in the CJS of each sex, by organisation, most recent year available vs. five years prior. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. There is no published data available on Fixed Penalty Notices by sex. Self-harm in prison custody is defined as any act where a prisoner deliberately harms themselves irrespective of the method, intent or severity of any injury. In the last 5 years, females consistently had a higher proportion of prisoners who self-harmed and a higher number of instances of self-harm per 1,000 prisoners[footnote 66]. A BBC report suggested that in 2011 men accounted for just 8% of the UK's single parents. In 2019, a smaller proportion of female offenders were sentenced for indictable offences at 10%, compared to 22% of male offenders. Young males receiving less than 12 months in custody were less likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (60% v 67%). , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. This report is also accompanied by an infographic summarising key findings. Over the last 5 years, a higher proportion of males were bailed or remanded in custody. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN without a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 108] (13% for young females and 18% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 109] (10% for both young females and 14% for young males). , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. , Fixed period exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded from a school for a set period of time. In 2019, fines were the most common sentence given to both male and female offenders sentenced at all courts, but females typically had less severe sentencing outcomes. Custody Rate and Average Custodial Sentence Length (ACSL)[footnote 83]. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. The most disturbing though, 27% of fathers have no contact with their children. The Truth About Father Bias in Family Courts - Everyday Feminism This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN with a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 106] and 2014/15 [footnote 107](2% for young females and 5% for young males). , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. Divorce Rate by Gender; The Rate of Divorce by Age; . Isn't It Gender Discrimination? Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. The following section discusses child offenders at different stages of the Criminal Justice System. , Data from Nature of Violent Crime, England and Wales: year ending 2019 (appendix tables), Data on victims of Domestic abuse in 2019/20 is discussed in more detail further into this chapter. Between 2015 and 2019, offenders of unknown sex comprised less than 1% of offenders. The proportion of males issued a caution for indictable offences was 56%, compared to 52% for female offenders. Females reported better conditions and facilities than males regarding: having their own cell, clean clothes, clean sheets, relationships with staff and contacting family and friends. For example, young males receiving more than 12 months in custody were more likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (69% v 64%), whereas the reverse was true for young males receiving 12 months or less in custody. Youth justice custody report - August 2014 published. , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure children's homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs).. Report on Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support In 2019, 26% of the 1.25 million defendants of known sex that had a completed case were female. , Published figures for probation can be found in Offender Management Statistics quarterly. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. , See the Families and Households 2019 dataset for further information on household types. You have accepted additional cookies. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of females who come into contact with it. The female majority in Magistrates Court staff has continued to increase, also, recorded at 56% in 2020. Figure 7.05: Proportion of children in the Criminal Justice System, by sex, England and Wales, 2019. The most recent annual reoffending data available is for the 2017/18 (i.e. Youth custody report for April 2016 published. Prosecutions for indictable offences for females have decreased by 29% since 2015, from 48,000 to 33,800. Figure 7.01 Proportion of prosecutions for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. The proportion issued to females has slightly decreased over the last 5 years, from 24% in 2015. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. Please send any comments to: datausers@justice.gov.uk. Youth custody data for January 2016 published. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. A fixed period exclusion can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. , See the Criminal justice statistics outcomes by offence data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 to obtain all statistics on prosecutions, convictions and sentencing quoted in this chapter. Youth custody report and data for January 2018 published. 2019/20 saw a fall in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year for women aged 16 to 74 (3.7% in 2018/19 to 2.9% in 2019/20). Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results: 2013 to 2014 (revised) National tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. . As with adults, the most common offence group was violence against the person, for which 37% of female young people were being dealt with when referred to liaison and diversion services compared to 19% of male young people. Prison law comprised less than 1% of the female and 3% of the male workload; both proportions have remained steady in the last 5 years but reflect falling prison population figures. Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. , Figures refers only to those with known ethnicity; for this group, ethnicity coverage was 72% in 2019. Youth custody report for June 2015 published. May in certain circumstances also be suitable when the Court is considering custody. version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Safety in the Children and Young People Secure Estate: Update to June 2022. The only exceptions are when we are deliberately discussing all aged offenders. Women and the Criminal Justice System, 2019 - GOV.UK A 2.6 pp increase over the last five years brought female representation among in-post police officers up to 31% in 2019. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. In 2019, 50% of female offenders who were sentenced to custody received sentences of up to and including 3 months, compared to 31% of males and these proportions have been decreasing for both female and male offenders over the last 5 years. The 75+ group was the only age group where prevalence of violent crime in highest among females. Remands at magistrates court followed similar trends to police remands over the last 5 years, with lower proportions of female defendants bailed or remanded in custody. Compared to males, a significantly higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. In the year ending March 2020 (referred to as 2019/20 throughout), the proportion of adults who were victim of a CSEW crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse) was 13.3%, down from 14.9% the year before, with no significant difference between men and women. In 2019, sentences for female offenders had a higher level of concordance with their pre-sentence report (excluding Other) (66%) than male offenders (59%). As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. The increasing trend for both male and female defendants who were not remanded and bailed by police has stabilised with small changes in the latest year. , For both indictable and summary offences. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. Child Custody Statistics by Gender Who is most likely to be a custodial parent? In the latest year, a higher proportion of females were issued PNDs for theft (retail under 100) compared to males, whereas males were more often issued PNDs for possession of cannabis compared to females (see Figure 4.04). Report and data for March 2018 published. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched offender cohort, over half (57% of males and 61% of females) received Free School Meals (FSM). custody. Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. 18% of single mothers have a college degree or higher 27% of single fathers are between the ages of 15 & 29 29% of single fathers are African American 28% of single mothers are African American 36% of single fathers live at or below the poverty line 43% of single mothers live at or below the poverty line This chapter explores outcomes for defendants in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019 publication. Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics, fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending, fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater proportion of women managed in the community successfully; and. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested.