Experimental Evaluation of Compressive and Flexural Strength of - IJERT It concluded that the addition of banana trunk fiber could reduce compressive strength, but could raise the concrete ability in crack resistance Keywords: Concrete . Sci. Flexural Strength of Concrete - EngineeringCivil.org In terms MBE, XGB achieved the minimum value of MBE, followed by ANN, SVR, and CNN. This indicates that the CS of SFRC cannot be predicted by only the amount of ISF in the mix. Also, the CS of SFRC was considered as the only output parameter. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Download Solution PDF Share on Whatsapp Latest MP Vyapam Sub Engineer Updates Last updated on Feb 21, 2023 MP Vyapam Sub Engineer (Civil) Revised Result Out on 21st Feb 2023! This is much more difficult and less accurate than the equivalent concrete cube test, which is why it is common to test the compressive strength and then convert to flexural strength when checking the concrete's compliance with the specification. percent represents the compressive strength indicated by a standard 6- by 12-inch cylinder with a length/diameter (L/D) ratio of 2.0, then a 6-inch-diameter specimen 9 inches long . Scientific Reports Company Info. Among different ML algorithms, convolutional neural network (CNN) with R2=0.928, RMSE=5.043, and MAE=3.833 shows higher accuracy. Huang, J., Liew, J. 11, and the correlation between input parameters and the CS of SFRC shown in Figs. Moreover, the CS of rubberized concrete was predicted using KNN algorithm by Hadzima-Nyarko et al.53, and it was reported that KNN might not be appropriate for estimating the CS of concrete containing waste rubber (RMSE=8.725, MAE=5.87). PDF Compressive strength to flexural strength conversion ; Compressive Strength - UHPC's advanced compressive strength is particularly significant when . Therefore, owing to the difficulty of CS prediction through linear or nonlinear regression analysis, data-driven models are put into practice for accurate CS prediction of SFRC. 36(1), 305311 (2007). Adv. The compressive strength and flexural strength were linearly fitted by SPSS, six regression models were obtained by linear fitting of compressive strength and flexural strength. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that, among different input variables, W/C ratio, fly ash, and SP had the most contributing effect on the CS behavior of SFRC, followed by the amount of ISF. This property of concrete is commonly considered in structural design. The flexural modulus is similar to the respective tensile modulus, as reported in Table 3.1. In these cases, an SVR with a non-linear kernel (e.g., a radial basis function) is used. As you can see the range is quite large and will not give a comfortable margin of certitude. Shade denotes change from the previous issue. Distributions of errors in MPa (Actual CSPredicted CS) for several methods. Eng. 4: Flexural Strength Test. The flexural strength of concrete was found to be 8 to 11% of the compressive strength of concrete of higher strength concrete of the order of 25 MPa (250 kg/cm2) and 9 to 12.8% for concrete of strength less than 25 MPa (250 kg/cm2) see Table 13.1: Compressive strength result was inversely to crack resistance. Compressive and Tensile Strength of Concrete: Relation | Concrete Eng. Mater. MathSciNet \(R\) shows the direction and strength of a two-variable relationship. Sci. & Gao, L. Influence of tire-recycled steel fibers on strength and flexural behavior of reinforced concrete. For CEM 1 type cements a very general relationship has often been applied; This provides only the most basic correlation between flexural strength and compressive strength and should not be used for design purposes. 49, 554563 (2013). Khademi, F., Akbari, M. & Jamal, S. M. Prediction of compressive strength of concrete by data-driven models. Date:4/22/2021, Publication:Special Publication Compressive strength estimation of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete and raw material interactions using advanced algorithms. Flexural strength = 0.7 x fck Where f ck is the compressive strength cylinder of concrete in MPa (N/mm 2 ). Depending on the test method used to determine the flex strength (center or third point loading) an ESTIMATE of f'c would be obtained by multiplying the flex by 4.5 to 6. The new concept and technology reveal that the engineering advantages of placing fiber in concrete may improve the flexural . Soft Comput. Article Google Scholar. Res. ML is a computational technique destined to simulate human intelligence and speed up the computing procedure by means of continuous learning and evolution. Moreover, it is essential to mention that only 26% of the presented mixes contained fly-ash, and the results obtained were according to these mixes. The use of an ANN algorithm (Fig. Limit the search results from the specified source. (PDF) Influence of Dicalcium Silicate and Tricalcium Aluminate Build. CAS 183, 283299 (2018). Compressive Strength Conversion Factors of Concrete as Affected by 49, 20812089 (2022). Answer (1 of 5): For design of the beams we need flexuralstrength which is obtained from the characteristic strength by the formula Fcr=0.7FckFcr=0.7Fck Fck - is the characteristic strength Characteristic strength is found by applying compressive stress on concrete cubes after 28 days of cur. Various orders of marked and unmarked errors in predictions are demonstrated by MSE, RMSE, MAE, and MBE6. 308, 125021 (2021). 41(3), 246255 (2010). 2021, 117 (2021). Eng. Also, C, DMAX, L/DISF, and CA have relatively little effect on the CS of SFRC. DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE - YouTube Machine learning-based compressive strength modelling of concrete incorporating waste marble powder. Constr. (2008) is set at a value of 0.85 for concrete strength of 69 MPa (10,000 psi) and lower. A more useful correlations equation for the compressive and flexural strength of concrete is shown below. Sci. Also, it was concluded that the W/C ratio and silica fume content had the most impact on the CS of SFRC. Mater. The experimental results show that in the case of [0/90/0] 2 ply, the bending strength of the structure increases by 2.79% in the forming embedding mode, while it decreases by 9.81% in the cutting embedding mode. Compos. Where an accurate elasticity value is required this should be determined from testing. All three proposed ML algorithms demonstrate superior performance in predicting the correlation between the amount of fly-ash and the predicted CS of SFRC. However, the understanding of ISFs influence on the compressive strength (CS) behavior of concrete is still questioned by the scientific society. fck = Characteristic Concrete Compressive Strength (Cylinder). Nowadays, For the production of prefabricated and in-situ concrete structures, SFRC is gaining acceptance such as (a) secondary reinforcement for temporary load scenarios, arresting shrinkage cracks, limiting micro-cracks occurring during transportation or installation of precast members (like tunnel lining segments), (b) partial substitution of the conventional reinforcement, i.e., hybrid reinforcement systems, and (c) total replacement of the typical reinforcement in compression-exposed elements, e.g., thin-shell structures, ground-supported slabs, foundations, and tunnel linings9. Leone, M., Centonze, G., Colonna, D., Micelli, F. & Aiello, M. A. Date:11/1/2022, Publication:IJCSM Constr. Mater. Cite this article. The two methods agree reasonably well for concrete strengths and slab thicknesses typically used for concrete pavements. The CS of SFRC was predicted through various ML techniques as is described in section "Implemented algorithms". Figure8 depicts the variability of residual errors (actual CSpredicted CS) for all applied models. 5(7), 113 (2021). Design of SFRC structural elements: post-cracking tensile strength measurement. October 18, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30606-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30606-y. On the other hand, MLR shows the highest MAE in predicting the CS of SFRC. Google Scholar. KNN (R2=0.881, RMSE=6.477, MAE=4.648) showed lower accuracy compared with MLR in predicting the CS of SFRC. Date:9/30/2022, Publication:Materials Journal The impact of the fly-ash on the predicted CS of SFRC can be seen in Fig. Therefore, based on expert opinion and primary sensitivity analysis, two features (length and tensile strength of ISF) were omitted and only nine features were left for training the models. What is Compressive Strength?- Definition, Formula InInternational Conference on Applied Computing to Support Industry: Innovation and Technology 323335 (Springer, 2019). Moreover, GB is an AdaBoost development model, a meta-estimator that consists of many sequential decision trees that uses a step-by-step method to build an additive model6. Relation Between Compressive and Tensile Strength of Concrete Adding hooked industrial steel fibers (ISF) to concrete boosts its tensile and flexural strength. Also, a specific type of cross-validation (CV) algorithm named LOOCV (Fig. Xiamen Hongcheng Insulating Material Co., Ltd. View Contact Details: Product List: Commercial production of concrete with ordinary . Martinelli, E., Caggiano, A. 12). Mater. Kang et al.18 observed that KNN predicted the CS of SFRC with a great difference between actual and predicted values. Khademi et al.51 used MLR to predict the CS of NC and found that it cannot be considered an accurate model (with R2=0.518).