Offsets in the eastwest oriented Monroe Fault (south side of the Skykomish River), earthquake focal mechanisms, and kinematic indications show that the CCFZ is a left-lateral strike-slip fault, possibly with some oblique motion (up on the eastern side). Here the main strand on the western edge merges with the Sultan River Fault under the Sultan River. Rainier, along the DDMFZ, and under Puget Sound between Olympia and approximately the Southern Whidbey Island Fault. Next to a 4-6 lines highways with 90db noise and cancerous pollution. Other similar rock has been found at the Rimrock Lake Inlier (bottom of diagram), in the San Juan Islands, and in the Pacific Coast Complex along the West Coast Fault on the west side of Vancouver Island. That earthquake, likely between magnitude 7 and 7.5, lifted the southern end of Bainbridge Island and West Seattle more than 20 feet (3 meters), generated a tsunami, and created landslides into Lake Washington, says Bill Steele . - Read More Expert Puts Turkey, Syria Quake into Perspective | FOX 13 [122] This trend extends further north where the Pleasant Harbor lineament appears to terminate other westward extensions of the SFZ. All this is explained by right-lateral strike-slip motion on the Straight Creek Fault, which initiated about 50 to 48 Ma (millions of years ago). [134] Most authors align it with the strong gravitational anomaly (which typically reflects where faulting has juxtaposed rock of different density) and topographical lineament down Commencement Bay. But. [185] The prospect of a major earthquake on the Doty Fault poses a serious hazard to the entire Puget Sound region as it threatens vital economic lifelines: At Chehalis there is but a single freeway (Interstate 5) and a single rail line connecting the Puget Sound region with the rest of the west coast; the only alternate routes are very lengthy.[186]. The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) reported at least three earthquakes within the past few days. A Seattle Fault quake could be as large as M7.5,160 but less than M7.0 is more probable. 1958 and Geologic Map GM-34 for details.). [106] There is an intriguing view from Stanley, Villaseor & Benz (1999) (see Fig. (See, There is a preliminary report of aeromagnetic and gravity mapping placing the eastern edge of the Siletz terrane under Lake Washington. [118], Studies of the Seattle Fault west of Bremerton have revealed a complexity of geological structure and faulting. [156], The Saddle Mountain Faults ("East" and "West", and not to be confused with a different Saddle Mountains Fault in Adams county, eastern Washington[157]), are a set of northeast trending reverse faults on the south-east flank of the Olympic Mountains near Lake Cushman first described in 1973 and 1975. [182], The Doty Fault the southernmost of the uplift-and-basin dividing faults reviewed here, and located just north of the Chehalis Basin is one of nearly a dozen faults mapped in the CentraliaChehalis coal district in 1958. There is no firm evidence that this has occurred in the Seattle fault zone near Puget Sound, although a low terrace of 1 m or less formed during a moderate earthquake would be difficult to. West of Puget Sound the tectonic basement of the Coast Range geologic province is the approximately 50 million year (Ma) old marine basalts of the Crescent Formation, part of the Siletzia terrane that underlies western Washington and Oregon. 0 magnitude subduction earthquake off the Washington coast would generate a tsunami capable of submerging not only coastal areas but also most of the Puget Sound shoreline . Aeromagnetic anomaly maps (USGS OFR 99-514). Its capable magnitude is a megathrust quake exceeding 9.0. [77] From a point just north of Carnation the eastern edge of the CCFZ (here it is about three-quarters of a mile wide) can be traced up Harris Creek, crossing the upper reach of Cherry Creek, eventually reaching the town of Sultan. [27] This "basement" rock is covered with sedimentary deposits similar to the Chuckanut Formation, and more recent (typically Miocene) volcanic deposits. It stands out in regard of its eastwest orientation, depth to bedrock, and hazard to an urban population center. Especially as seismic reflection data[135] shows some faulting continuing east across Vashon Island and the East Passage of Puget Sound (the East Passage Zone, EPZ) towards Federal Way and an east-striking anticline. The northern end of the Crescent Formation (aka Metchosin Formation) has been identified as the eastwest trending Leech River Fault on the southern tip of Vancouver Island. [96] As the juxtaposition of various disparate tectonic structures in northwest Washington requires significant strike-slip movement, it is further expected that this contact will be a major fault.[97]. One study compared the relative elevation of two marshes on opposite sides of Whidbey Island, and determined that approximately 3,000 years ago an earthquake of M 6.57.0 caused 1 to 2 meters of uplift. There are numerous other faults (or fault zones) in the Puget Lowland, and around its edges, sketchily studied and largely unnamed. And since those models for the Seattle Fault were published, there've actually been many more Puget Sound faults discovered. The structure of the Seattle Fault zone still have great uncertainty and there exist a number of interpretations. Can be formed by differential erosion of adjacent hard and soft rock; by localized erosion, for example at the edge of a river terrace; by movement of a landslide; or by a shallow earthquake that is large enough to break the Earth's surface. As all of these are thrust and reverse faults, they probably result from northeast directed regional compression. Part of the Snohomish River Delta between Everett and Marysville could get nearly 6 feet, and Seattle's Harbor Island could be inundated with nearly 4 feet of water. [160] The Canyon River Fault is a major fault in itself, associated with a 40km long lineament and distinct late Holocene scarps of up to 3 meters.[161]. A principal finding is that "[c]rustal seismicity in the southern Puget Sound region appears to be controlled by a key block of Crescent Formation occurring just south of the Seattle fault. Sail Date . external structure, lines, and riggings; stand deck watches, such as helmsman and lookout underway; stand pier sentry, fire security, anchor, and . 182-3]", "Western limits of the Seattle fault zone and its interaction with the Olympic Peninsula, Washington", "Seismic reflection imaging across the eastern portions of the Tacoma fault zone", "The western extension of the Seattle fault: new insights from seismic reflection data", "Seismic Characterization of the Seattle and Southern Whidbey Island Fault Zones in the Snoqualmie River Valley, Washington", "Fault number 552, Hood Canal fault zone", "Radiocarbon Ages of Probable Coseismic Features from the Olympic Peninsula and Lake Sammamish, Washington", "Geologic map of the Summit Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle, Thurston and Mason Counties, Washington", "The Olympia structure; ramp or discontinuity? ), The Coast Range Boundary Fault (CRBF) is hypothesized, expected on the basis of tectonic considerations, which may correlate in part with one or more currently known faults, or may involve as yet undiscovered faulting. Most people in the United States know just one fault line by name: the San Andreas, which runs nearly the length of California and is perpetually rumored to be on the verge of unleashing "the. Document name Date Description Additional versions; 2809: 4/1/2021: . [21] The OWL appears to be a deep-seated structure over which the shallower crust of the Puget Lowland is being pushed, but this remains speculative. [58], Paleoseismological studies of the SWIF are scant. The Doty fault has been mapped from the north side of the Chehalis airport due west to the old logging town of Doty (due north of Pe Ell), paralleled most of that distance by its twin, the Salzer Creek Fault, about half a mile to the north. A parallel line ("B") about 15 miles (25 kilometers) to the west corresponds to the western limit of a zone of seismicity stretching from the WRZ to southwest of Portland. The most recent Seattle Fault earthquake was about 1,100 years ago; The Seattle Fault has been active about three or four times in the past 3,000 years. The largest intra-crustal earthquakes have about the same total energy (which is about one-hundredth of a subduction event), but since they are closer to the surface they will cause more powerful shaking, and, therefore, more damage. Plot. [215] And though the faults in this area are not notably seismogenic, the southeast striking faults seem to be en echelon with the Olympia structure (fault? Those Hollywood depictions of a. E.g., mapping along the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone has revealed a complex network of active or potentially active faults across (and likely beyond) the lower Snoqualmie Valley, including the Cherry Creek Fault Zone, scene of the 1996 M 5.3 Duvall earthquake. Energize Eastside project is building a new substation and upgrading approximately 16 miles of existing transmission lines from Redmond to Renton. Methane Plume Emissions Associated With Puget Sound Faults in the Cascadia Forearc. 1 earthquake in the past 7 days. Prior to 2000, prominent aeromagnetic anomalies strongly suggested that the fault zone continued southeast, perhaps as far as the town of Duvall, but this was uncertain as the SWIF is largely concealed, and the faint surface traces generally obliterated by urban development. Washington's fault lines tend to sweep east-west. [8] As of 1985 only the Saddle Mountain Faults had been shown to have Holocene activity (since the last ice age, about 12,000 years ago). [127], The Tacoma Fault (at right, and also between lines C and D on the Uplift and basin map, above) just north of the city of Tacoma, Washington has been described as "one of the most striking geophysical anomalies in the Puget Lowland". The apparent gap north of Riffe Lake is possibly due to obscuration by volcanic deposits of the Northcraft Formation. PNSN staff will continue to develop this section of the web site but to find more good information now, visit these resources: Other faults to the south and southeast the Frigid Creek Fault and (to the west) Canyon River Fault suggest an extended zone of faulting at least 45km long. [174] Although no surface traces of faulting have been found in either the Holocene glacial sediments or the basalts of the Black Hills,[175] on the basis of well-drilling logs a fault has been mapped striking southeast from Offut Lake (just west of Rainier); it appears to be in line with the easternmost fault mapped in the CentraliaChehalis area.[176]. [56] But detailed mapping just past the intersection shows only a complex and confused pattern of faulting, with no indication that there is, or is not, through-going faulting. These features suggest that the southern Puget Lowland is influenced by the deep crust and even the subducting Juan de Fuca plate, but the details and implications are not yet known. Full-Time. A UW researcher says the fault line that caused earthquake that shook southern Turkey near the Turkish-Syrian border this week and killed more than 7,000 people is similar to the faults under Puget Sound. [53] Reckoned between Victoria and approximately Fall City the length of the SWIF is around 150km (90 miles). It's due for another one,. It aligns with the West Coast fault and Queen Charlotte Fault system of strike-slip fault zones (similar to the San Andreas Fault in California) on the west side of Vancouver Island, but does not itself show any significant or through-going strike-slip movement. These mlanges may have been off-shore islands or seamounts that were caught between the Olympic terrane and the North American continent, and were pushed up (obducted) onto the latter. Aeromagnetic surveys,[13] seismic tomography,[14] and other studies have also contributed to locating and understanding these faults. In the angle between these is located the minor Lincoln Creek uplift, the Doty Hills, and, further west, an impressive chunk of Crescent basalt. New gravity data provide information [abstract]", "Fault locking, block rotation and crustal deformation in the Pacific Northwest", "The Everett fault: a newly discovered late Quaternary fault in north-central Puget Sound, Washington [abstract]", "Late Holocene earthquakes on the Toe Jam Hill fault, Seattle fault zone, Bainbridge Island, Washington", "Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of scarps in the hanging wall of the Tacoma fault, Mason and Pierce Counties, Washington", "Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington", "Geologic map of the Skokomish Valley and Union 7.5-minute quadrangles, Mason County, Washington", "Supplement to Geologic Maps of the Lilliwaup, Skokomish Valley, and Union 7.5-minute Quadrangles, Mason County, Washington Geologic Setting and Development Around the Great Bend of Hood Canal", "Geologic map of the Hoodsport 7.5-minute quadrangle, Mason County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Brinnon 7.5-minute quadrangle, Jefferson and Kitsap Counties, Washington", "Geologic map of the Seabeck and Poulsbo 7.5-minute quadrangles, Kitsap and Jefferson Counties, Washington", "Evidence for earthquake-induced subsidence ~1100 yr ago in coastal marshes of southern Puget Sound, Washington", 10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<1299:EFEISA>2.0.CO;2, "Holocene fault scarps and shallow magnetic anomalies along the Southern Whidbey Island Fault Zone near Woodinville, Washington", "Finding concealed active faults: Extending the southern Whidbey Island fault across the Puget Lowland, Washington", "Holocene fault scarps near Tacoma, Washington, USA", "The Catfish Lake Scarp, Allyn, Washington: Preliminary Field Data and Implications for Earthquake Hazards posed by the Tacoma Fault", "Seismic Amplification within the Seattle Basin, Washington State: Insights from SHIPS Seismic Tomography Experiments", "Tectonics and Conductivity Structures in the Southern Washington Cascades", "Analysis of Deep Seismic Reflection and Other Data From the Southern Washington Cascades", "Tectonics and Seismicity of the Southern Washington Cascade Range", "Subduction zone and crustal dynamics of western Washington: A tectonic model for earthquake hazards evaluation", 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0217:lmapet>2.3.co;2, "Geologic map of the Snoqualmie Pass 60 minute by 30 minute quadrangle, Washington", "Subsurface Geometry and Evolution of the Seattle Fault Zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington", "Rupture models for the A.D. 900930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines", "Stratigraphy of Eocene rocks in a part of King County, Washington", "Geologic map of Washington Southwest Quadrant", "Geologic Map of the East Olympia 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Thurston County, Washington", "Field data for a trench on the Canyon River fault, southeast Olympic Mountains, Washington", "Crustal Extension at Mount St. Helens, Washington", "Final Technical Report: Two Post-Glavial Earthquakes on the Saddle Mountain West Fault, southeastern Olympic Peninsula, Washington", "Earthquake scenario and probabilistic ground shaking maps for the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area", "Bedrock Geologic Map of the Seattle 30' by 60' Quadrangle, Washington", Preliminary Atlas of Active Shallow Tectonic Deformation in the Puget Lowland, Washington (USGS Open-File Report 2010-1149). [91] The relationship between these two fault zones is not entirely clear. The Frigid Creek fault seems more directly aligned with this southwestward extension of the Seattle Fault, but such a connection seems to be as yet unremarked by geologists. Slippage along the SWIF would be expected to continue east-southeast until it merged with the OWL, but instead appears to be taking a shortcut ("right step") along the RMFZ. The Seattle Fault crosses east-west through Puget Sound and downtown Seattle. fault Which of the following statements best describes elastic-rebound theory? This map shows the primary earthquake faults in the Puget Sound and other less prominent faults. This is because the Olympic terrane is moving (relative to North America) northeast; its continued clockwise rotation is akin to a giant wheel rolling up the western side of the North Cascade crystalline core. The Cascadia Fault is 620 miles long off the coast of Washington and British Columbia. South of the OWL a definite eastern boundary has not been found, with some indications it is indefinite. A new view is developing that the regional tectonic boundary is not under Hood Canal, but just to the west, involving the Saddle Mountain fault zone (discussed below) and associated faults. I've been in the business for 20 years and the way skilled labor has been treated up until very recently drove a ton of people away from the industry. This map of Puget Sound shows the location of the methane plumes as yellow and white circles. [99] This last problem is partly solved because there is a locus of seismicity, and presumably faulting, extending from the northern end of the SHZ to the northern end of the Western Rainier Zone (see Fig. Display Faults. If, as this model suggests, the various faults are interconnected within the thrust sheet, there is a possibility that one earthquake could trigger others. Kinematic analysis suggests that if shortening (compression) in the Puget Lowland is directed to the northeast (i.e., parallel to Hood Canal and the Saddle Mountain deformation zone) and thus oblique to the Dewatto lineament, it should be subject to both strike-slip and dip-slip forces, implying a fault. Whether the faulting continues eastward is not yet determined. The last major earthquake on the Seattle Fault occurred around 1,100 years ago, shifting the landscape in Puget Sound. News Media at VA Puget Sound health care, 206-764-2435, 206-764-2317. This section of the SWIF forms the southwestern side of the Everett Basin[48] (see map), which is notably aseismic in that essentially no shallow (less than 12km deep) earthquakes have occurred there, or on the section of the SWIF adjoining it, in the first 38 years of instrumental recording. Harold Tobin, a researcher at the University of Washington and director of the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, says the fault line that caused this disaster is similar to the faults under Puget Sound. Both the SPF and UPF are said to be oblique-slip transpressional; that is, the faults show both horizontal and vertical slip as the crustal blocks are pressed together. The passive roof duplex model of Brocher et al. [219] Various other faults in the North Cascades are older (being offset by the Straight Creek Fault) and are unrelated to the faults in Puget Sound. 1 - 10 of 83 American Seattle Cruise Reviews. The question of where on Puget Sound the line would ultimately end was intentionally left open, and the region's fledgling cities began competing furiously for the good fortune of a major railroad terminus.