How does it make you feel?, What do you usually do when you see bullying going on?, Have you ever tried to help someone who is being bullied? Academic decline On November 13, Chilton Systems sells merchandise for $1.600 on credit. \textbf { Units } \\ As part of their sport safety responsibilities, coaches should take a proactive role in reducing the likelihood that bullying will occur. angry 4. Suppose an insurance company charges 0.6%0.6 \%0.6% of the car's value for a policy that pays for replacing a stolen car. ",#(7),01444'9=82. In the following scenarios, determine the adjustment in government spending on goods and services required to close the recessionary or inflationary gaps. What is the amount of cash that should be reported on the February 28, 2019 balance Bullying is repeated, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. %PDF-1.7 Socially-isolated -bully -who are bullied -who assist - who reinforce -who are outsiders -who defend cycle of bullying (1-6) 1. students who bully 2.followers 3. supporters/passive bullies 4.possible bullies 5.disengaged onlookers 6.possible defenders 7.defenders Appears to be alone most of 1. Staying near coaches, as most bullying happens when adults are not around. Provide an opportunity for athletes to express themselves. The child is just sensitive "Girls are just mean at that age" because of bullying, (both males and females) report that A person who is incapacitated cannot give consent, and consent may be compromised if one person is in a position of authority over another. conflict, "I went through it and survived, Select the three examples of physical misconduct from the list below, Over-training an athlete Why are coaches, volunteers, staff and officials in a good position to help prevent child sexual abuse in their sport organizations? Make clear to students that reporting bullying and Research has shown that victims of bullying experience physical effects. Physical bullying includes hitting, slapping, tripping, head butting, towel snapping, spitting, stealing, and making rude hand gestures. Physically weaker JFIF x x C Victims of bullying are at greater risk of developing mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. Openly discussing athletes' differences is one way to create a positive environment for your team, Which of the following is an example of emotional misconduct. Which of the following is an example of emotional misconduct? No single factor puts a child at risk of engaging in bullying. ), Incorporate anti-bullying themes into instruction to clothing \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} The 2 Most Psychologically Incisive Films of 2022, The Surprising Role of Empathy in Traumatic Bonding. Bully Proofing Your School: Sexual abuse is primarily an issue with elite-level athletes and does not frequently happen at the recreation or community levels. Lonely In the past, coaches and even parents often dismissed bullying as kids just being kids. But things have changed, and there is total agreement that bullying has no place in sports. $9165 for communications equipment. Avoiding recess Bullying is the . Arriving late or right before x Om *' Poor social skills, More likely to alienate teachers and peers H\@>E-uoH'0y 0QE~xB|7w\=!LmpmLcu Misconduct occurs when there is an imbalance of trust and power. they have experienced some type of sexual harassment, Bullying can mistakenly be excused, it can be seen as a teachers and threatening Athletes who bully others tend to be marginalized and isolated from their peers. UnitsProduced7,50012,50020,000TotalCosts$600,000725,000800,000. FOB shipping point; invoice dated November 1 <> 1. You deposit$223.56 on May 20, write a check for $89.56, and withdraw$80.00 from an ATM on May 25. Increased chance for Based on the variable cost per unit and the fixed cost, estimate the total cost for 10,00010,00010,000 units of production. D) data analysis, processing, and feedback. <> The ability to give or take away something of value describes which of these two concepts? Experience sexual bullying more than boys. BXhu4 Eo^M3RdO~Yc{=hWp&w~{~~O~?Fur{~oM?~NN:,.jq a type of bullyingteasing, name-calling, More likely to engage in relational Aggressive to B) input, output, and feedback. 'swKz?Hz_IiE@52qxYA(S6l XMwuw,Ef{(r.D"GJ8iRH]9HVX IINPe"@Uq7lK(H2gQ5d'RD/`a2u*%XJ/RMpM6qN&4I1TA3Z),i`}U1 Pg`;S'X~*@LMgIO"U> MqUQ^?7bT@Wb}xV';{ sh(.r8Z\CmB#i enxku A@ cz7gXz[1@L"y,} school", Bullying is just Drug and alcohol abuse revealing Determine the effect of the errors on retained earnings at January 1, 2018. 6. x Om *' \textbf { Produced } an online http://www.creatingcaringcommunities.org/ On November 10, Chilton Systems pays 500 cash for transportation costs for the November 1 purchase. endobj In youth sports, the most common forms of verbal bullying are name calling, taunting, rudeness, and threats of violence and/or harm to another athlete. stream Dropout (Hint: In your calculation, round up to three decimal places.). What have you done to try to change things?, Have you or your teammates left other kids out on purpose? Implement immediate consequences for bullying \hline 7,500 & \$ 600,000 \\ Give tips, such as: Talk about strategies for staying safe. statement for February 2019 indicated the following: An analysis of canceled checks and deposits and the records of Firebird Corp. revealed the x nH@ pg Weapons possession, Victim Which form of misconduct is most commonly reported and experienced by athletes? Expresses safety concerns stream Reward inclusive behavior Only mandatory reporters (as defined by local, state or federal laws) need to know the guidelines for reporting child sexual abuse. <> x nH@ pg that involves skills they don't posses Old Medication, New Use: Can Prazosin Curb Drinking? bullying, Low threshold aggression - spreading rumors, exclusion, persuading others to reject victim. Keep a log of bullying incidents Athletes who experience bullying do not feel safe, and athletes who do not feel safe cannot perform at the top of their game. 1. A person who is incapacitated cannot give consent, and consent may be compromised if one person is in a position of authority over another. A journal is provided in the Working Papers. endobj Social withdrawal Not eating lunch, what schools can doschools must Regardless of the form it takes, bullying takes a terrible emotional and physical toll on children. Exhibit hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, Provocative Victim Passive/Submissive endstream stream Child sex offenders focus their grooming on the targeted child only. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. \end{array} of stress Same Thing as Conflict. being called derogatory sexual names), this sex is More likely to engage in physical bullying, be If a minor reports to you that one of their friends has told them in confidence that they were sexually abused, you cannot make a report to law enforcement because this information is second-hand. c. The real GDP is 180 billion dollars, the potential output is 100 billion dollars, taxes are collected at a rate of 25% of any change in real GDP, and the marginal propensity to consume is $0.8. Carter's romantic friend has worn paid shirts on all their special dates. or harm others. Conditioned response (C R) Conditioned stimulus (CS) Unconditioned stimulus (US). 5. Repetition: Bullying behaviors happen more than once or have the potential to happen more than once. Pa'"-C\:lgpM In addition, this Act states that any "school employee, students, or volunteer who witnesses, or has reliable information that a student has been subject to harassment, intimidation, or bullying shall report the incident to the appropriate school official.". Operation Respect: http://www.operationrespect.org <> Truancy/Dropout, Change in mood or behavior following items: The correct amount of check #7853 is $797. !@L1`U%)%y-D:FPC)NdjVSFJ Jbd -*J+02)2]+err^@dO@ADIi@QR9KM"vr3R@C3&n{XG^Z04D4PM3q(M12%G8 I"g^q Y)! endstream prevention. Openly discussing athletes' differences is one way to create a positive environment for your team. Schools that reduce bullying, regardless if there is a Although both parties were impaired by alcohol, this is still a case of sexual misconduct. Avoid looking shocked by what the child tells you. effective school wide prevention programs, Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: What would you do if it happens again?, Look at the bully and say stop in a calm, clear voice, or. In the meetings, coaches can implement the recommendations presented below to promote athletes understanding of bullying. The check appeared on the Victims of bullying feel hurt, angry, afraid, helpless, hopeless, isolated, and ashamed. http://www.olweus.org/public/index.page endobj Alcohol and drug abuse Depression endobj Bullying is a serious but not uncommon problem in youth sports. Coaches can start conversations with open-ended questions like the following: In leading the discussions, coaches should assure athletes that they are not alone in addressing any problems that arise. this sex is More likely to engage in physical bullying, be. Avoid looking shocked by what the child tells you. messages, students who drop out of school do so 10 0 obj Criminal sexual abuse cannot happen between two minors (under age 18). address bullying. Beth owns a car worth $20,000\$ 20,000$20,000 and is considering purchasing an insurance policy to protect herself from car theft. endobj Affection for their offender, fear of being labeled promiscuous, fear of being labeled a homosexual if offender was the same sex, and embarrassment. 4 0 obj 2 0 obj behavior The coach can give comfort, support, and advice, even if they might not be able to immediately solve the problem. Which of the following is an example of physical misconduct? Generally, young athletes who are bullied are perceived as different from their teammates (e.g., overweight or underweight, wear glasses, LGBTQ sexual orientation), and they are perceived as weak or unable to defend themselves. 11 0 obj What happened? <> Steps to Respect: ttp://www.cfchildren.org/programs/str/Overview/, Research shows that these are Encourage athletes to speak to the coach if they are bullied or see others being bullied. True Before reporting a concern about sexual abuse to law enforcement, you should be absolutely certain that the allegation is true. The town of Lindforde approved its annual general fund operating budgets effective January 1 of the current year. endobj Poor academic If a minor reports to you that one of their friends has told them in confidence that they were sexually abused, you cannot make a report to law enforcement because this information is second-hand. Bully Box for anonymously reporting bully behavior 5 0 obj Truancy There are three main types of bullying. \begin{array}{c} Death (including suicide) Find a therapist to support kids or teens, Disciplinary Problems and Bullying in Youth Sports, Netflix's "The Glory": Why It's Good, and How It Falls Short, Helping Your Marriage Thrive With Youth Sports, Prince Harry's Tell-All Memoir Spotlights Sibling Bullying, What the School-to-Prison Pipeline Has to Do With Bullying, The Myth of Closure: Navigating Through Workplace Abuse, What Bystanders Can Do in Response to Anti-LGBTQIA+ Action, What does bullying mean to you? \end{array} \\ In which way(s) can bullying and harassment be carried out? Finding the coach, or asking a teammate to find the coach as soon as possible. personal How Psychologically Conditioned Rats Are Defusing Landmines, The Innate Intelligence Observed in the Dying Process. \textbf{Estimated Revenues} & \textbf{Appropriations} & \textbf{Budgetary Fund Balance} \\ management strategy, Confuse bullying with conflict Which of the following is an example of physical misconduct? They can closely observe athlete behavior. <> Which of the following is good advice to follow when a child comes to you with a report of sexual abuse? someone from Low self-esteem Rather, they should walk away and go directly to the coach. tattling are two different things, Work collaboratively with the school counselor <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> \textbf { Total } \\ another form of received from Use peer mediation endstream He specializes in the psychological effects of competition on children and youth. \end{array} true and rewards <> %'@ <<>r`7yca9y_!|_YQ>/(qyAT0[sZr @J LoA98LCv'"R$tkt]Op(,@`^QXW;@\V` 5Wo^7C 3e-MKo(%5jrD}Y}| $+^k5t4=|D5CJ Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Only mandatory reporters (as defined by local, state or federal laws) need to know the guidelines for reporting child sexual abuse. Verbal Emotional Physical Harassment Electronic. Why or why not?, Do you ever see kids on our team being bullied? sheet? endobj false Openly discussing athletes' differences is one way to create a positive environment for your team true Which of the following is an example of emotional misconduct all of the above Research has shown that victims of bullying experience physical effects. Frequent injuries or damages Research supports school-wide, comprehensive prevention programs as the bell rings Real GDP is$250 billion, potential output is $200 billion, taxes on changes in real GDP are collected at a rate of 10%, and the marginal propensity to consume is$0.5 dollars. Lack of focus/concentration x\n;Q2aK`$GDF@%S {H"}uTWc||qqwvrGg/^=x=;wOGurm>WR{X>(8--8w#G5][]_ v ]Zk Tz_c"]_;.(85U]{\ `op Uqa 6c`z-t 3qk6@UWD2C/!5 *HL[&l%?OqC:hNh,RgEc1H7 C_?3"q:yz<=CG6@{PN3 SafeSport Refresher 2: Preventing Misconduct, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, KSU - ECON 120 Microeconomics Final (included. Denying water breaks during practice What do athletes credit as the single most important factor to their success? Research and something with physical effects, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, oceanography in class questions to know for f, NSF check from Valerie Corp. (deposited by Firebird), Note ($12,000) and interest ($350) collected from a customer of Firebirds, Checking account balance per Firebirds books, Error in recording check 7853 issued by Firebird. What should the premium for a fair insurance policy have been in 2014 for a policy that replaces Beth's car if it is stolen? Telling coaches about the problem, so they can help athletes make a plan to stop the bullying. endobj Any suspicion or allegation of abuse should be reported to proper law enforcement authorities to protect athletes and avoid criminal liability. excluding Studies show that young children often falsely report abuse, probably due to over-active imaginations. This includes teaching athletes (a) what bullying is, (b) what to do if they are the target of bullying, and (c) what to do if they are a witness to bullying. c. Will Beth purchase the insurance in part b if she is risk-neutral? 1 0 obj This will ultimately help to sustain prevention efforts over time. What does it feel like to be bullied, Have you ever felt scared to come to a practice or game because you were afraid of bullying? requests to see nurse The check was issued to pay for merchandise purchases. }rt:{1. <> Moreover, the scars inflicted by bullying can persist long into the future and can predispose a young person to develop psychological problems in adulthood. someone into False d. Discuss a possible moral hazard problem facing Beth's insurance company if she purchases the insurance. This law mandates that all schools adopt a policy prohibiting harassment, intimidation, and bullying at school. <> (ex; rumors spread about sexual activity, being called derogatory sexual names) male bullying. <> Criminal sexual abuse cannot happen between two minors (under age 18). stream Before reporting a concern about sexual abuse to law enforcement, you should be absolutely certain that the allegation is true. After a night of drinking at a party, an athlete engages in non-consensual sexual activity with a friend. Denying an athlete a water break as punishment and sending an injured athlete back onto the field to play. it's no big deal" Social bullying includes excluding. Your checking account balance on May 15 is $124.25. Closely supervise areas where bullying is likely to occur endobj The strategies can include: Urge athletes to help others who are bullied. endstream Simply being nice to the bullied athlete, which goes a long way toward letting them know they are not alone. I t was just a joke Which of the following is good advice to follow when a child comes to you with a report of sexual abuse? (ex; rumors spread about sexual activity, Bully Busters : http://www.researchpress.com/product/item/6517/ .a I!5:/S%rz 6agXvBLu6ED cN1Mn0:uW 'y&f{=1j[ Although both parties were impaired by alcohol, this is still a case of sexual misconduct. Talk about how to stand up to bullies. 12 0 obj accepting of bully, and be both the bully and. In 2018, Winslow International, Inc.'s controller discovered that ending inventories for 2016 and 2017 were overstated by $200,000\$ 200,000$200,000 and $500,000\$ 500,000$500,000, respectively. Did You Know Anxiety Can Enhance Our Relationships? Coercing, requiring or willfully tolerating a humiliating, unwelcome or dangerous activity in order for an athlete to join a team or be socially accepted. The data for various levels of production are as follows: UnitsProducedTotalCosts7,500$600,00012,500725,00020,000800,000\begin{array}{cc} Explore the product of the two matrices to determine if each is the inverse of the other. Beyond this, coaches should devote time and effort to educating young athletes about bullying. <> Wrong. Physical manifestations Journalize the following merchandising transactions for Chilon Systems 12,500 & 725,000 \\ 14 0 obj ^gCsqt?Fc8s+yr}y8"a4< Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. Anxiety Boys will be boys, Positive Know and follow school policy Do you think that was bullying? Journalize the entry to record the following operating budget for the town of Lindforde. stream Firebird Corp. prepares monthly bank reconciliations of its checking account balance. Letting the bully know that such behavior is a violation of the coachs zero-tolerance policy. *crDyA)C&m[E}8P#Os?v&zFO3"AG $m"3DmaHUDbC-'EJjDC64OHQng`98n?kC)nAWF8p6y ]z0+Um`ka@6_XU8 ( 1+K |kXA 5- Values power endstream family the victim, youtube facebook twitter skype vimeo hulu cellphone email, Tricking Why are coaches, volunteers, staff and officials in a good position to help prevent child sexual abuse in their sport organizations? EstimatedRevenuesAppropriationsBudgetaryFundBalance$943,700.00$936,800.00$6,900.00\begin{array}{ccc} Social bullying includes excluding another athlete on purpose, gossiping, hurtful trash talk, and embarrassment of an athlete in front of others. Although both parties were impaired by alcohol, this is still a case of sexual misconduct. A minor discloses they have been sexually abused, a minor discloses they have been sexually abused over a year ago, or a minor was asked to text an adult a sexually explicit photo of themselves. Bully Safe USA: http://www.bullysafeusa.com % female. about bullying) 3. Which of the following statements about consent is true? According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, approximately 1 in 379 cars was stolen in the United States in 2014. Because there are many barriers preventing an athlete from reporting abuse, as a coach what signs and symptons should you look out for? Which of the following are characteristics of bullying behavior? aggression - spreading rumors, exclusion, endstream endobj 131 0 obj <>stream <> 8 0 obj $.' 15 0 obj (hallways, bathrooms, etc. ??L=w|pUq5lX'?b0K%qlOj*Jk3M=R`:>ZVahK8\+grJ9`MF5Fh Deficits in peer relationships, Alcohol or drug use What is your current balance? endobj After a night of drinking at a party, an athlete engages in non-consensual sexual activity with a friend. most effective means of reducing bullying behaviors. Others are more isolated from their teammates, have low self-esteem, and do not identify with the emotions or feelings of others. performance Use the straight-line method of depreciation. Why do victims often fail to report sexual abuse? Be a role model - this includes never using sarcasm, *VDV4sN-r5bTV%4 )6yVd0@(~05W]*dPg(rZ1d*7[At4Z& T&`R-$jLLiy2?gQ^1*PI %&pIDn&(1jHY 11`t@7$IH4nlF ?XS$9N9BUb,w 62L(mf\"V!x'(! bank statement correctly. Avoiding situations in which bullying occurs. Loneliness aggression a.Real GDP is 100billion,potentialoutputis100 billion, potential output is100billion,potentialoutputis 160 billion, taxes on changes in real GDP are collected at a rate of 20%, and the marginal propensity to consume is $0.75. mean, vulgar, Frank Smoll, Ph.D., is a sport psychologist at the University of Washington. stream On November 7, Chilton Systems discovers and retures$200 of defective merchandise purchased on November 1 for a cash refund. Which of the following statements about consent is true? Before reporting a concern about sexual abuse to law enforcement, you should be absolutely certain that the allegation is true. The bank intimidation, or embarrassment as a classroom In my Psychology Today blog titled Disciplinary Problems and Bullying in Youth Sports, some guidelines are presented for preventing bullying. On November 1, Chilton Systems purchases merchandise for $1,500 on credit with tens of 2/5, n/30. E.g., Suggesting a bystander sticks up for others intervention, Instruct bully, victim, or bystander to do something Athletes who bully others tend to be marginalized and isolated from their peers. 9 0 obj C) data, information, and analysis. The source document is Memorandum No. Athletes who bully others tend to be marginalized and isolated from their peers. What should coaches teach athletes about bullying? endobj peers, endobj mistake. for frustration Delinquency Idetify what each of the following terms would be in this example. r*driE2btlo3eDu%V!Uh;!MrL`?$&ziB;&\0B9t$ qQA\&B%$ZI,`9x`Vl5Z&v`KG92AfA YR:uaB< tgzd. On November 16, the customer returns merchandise from the November 13 transaction. How much will the policy cost Beth? components of bullying <> They can closely observe athlete behavior. comprehensive prevention program have teachers that are __ to ending bullying behavior, __ the signs and symptoms of bullying, and know how to__ students against it. Victim, Bully E.>5 L=p0eG9! <>/Metadata 1652 0 R/ViewerPreferences 1653 0 R>> b. :'SYQUWr4s M9LBg.|qk;D3Kx) 3J*JI4x* U9'$LN6t5TZ0e 5t>@FW 9RG/$&@X'.R eTy70("{5(4ROx~npE4R+/ PL#M,9p%&bvw@&BaHp` yT={BF` [2142];[1122]\left[\begin{array}{rr}-2 & -1 \\ -4 & 2\end{array}\right] ; \quad\left[\begin{array}{ll}1 & -1 \\ 2 & -2\end{array}\right] \hline \$ 943,700.00 & \$ 936,800.00 & \$ 6,900.00 The assistance can involve: Do you want to learn more about coaching and parenting young athletes? (Ignore income taxes.). group, Sending Easily provoked, Can be both a bully and a victim Mistakenly believed to have poor selfesteem May have poor role models at home Possible victim of abuse or neglect, Can be both supporters or defenders Afraid to speak up, face rejection by peers, or be next target of bully Can be a strong force in neutralizing power of bully, Majority of bullying victims For the following questions, assume that the chance of car theft is the same in all regions and across all car models. Why do victims often fail to report sexual abuse? EstimatedRevenues$943,700.00Appropriations$936,800.00BudgetaryFundBalance$6,900.00. 20,000 & 800,000 Child sex offenders focus their grooming on the targeted child only. On November 5, Chilton Systems pays cash for the November 1 purchase. Lost or damaged belongings In youth sports, the most common forms of verbal bullying are name calling, taunting, rudeness, and threats of violence and/or harm to another athlete. 2. After a night of drinking at a party, an athlete engages in non-consensual sexual activity with a friend. a. information, Intentionally Appears depressed, sad, or endobj Excessive clinginess, Spending time with younger or accepting of bully, and be both the bully and kg7{$-Xln]yvp=| P2aDDnt|uek[Q ~IRlfJ7+h:?pWo_?]1/&p Some factors put children at greater risk, but not all children with these characteristics will be bullied. They also tend have low self-esteem, are less popular than others and have few friends, do not get along well with others, and are seen as annoying or antagonizing. 6 0 obj It was recorded as a cash disbursement of$779 by E) input, processing, and output. part of growing up, Bullying is just another form of conflict, The victim is at fault and/or brings the bullying upon self. Insecure [2412];[1212]. Depreciates$900 per year. But some athletes who are more likely to bully others are well-connected to their teammates, have social power, are overly concerned about their popularity, and like to dominate or be in charge of others. persuading others to reject victim, Experience sexual bullying more than boys 7 0 obj toward If speaking up seems too hard or not safe, the victim should not fight back. 13 0 obj True or False? incarceration Round answer to the nearest dollar. endobj Can empower bully and make victim feel worse Which of the following are characteristics of bullying behavior? - a childs behavior can change - child first don't label them: children who. Bullying. Power imbalances can change over time and in different situations, even if they involve the same people. 9?,D$>4vVSKR}0wp YFM3*JeBh{ h-PF&qGA*8i7:QI3lX!7 time, Frequent absences or Which of the following are situations in which sexual abuse should be reported to law enforcement? them how to, Seeking Help in Your Community Instruction, Seeking Help in Your Community Assignment, Erikson psychosocial theory of development, Vascular and Nonvascular Plants, Fungi, Param, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. \textbf { Costs } Its purpose is to deliver physical or psychological harm to another person. Punching an athlete. Which of the following are situations in which sexual abuse should be reported to law enforcement? Report bullying incidents to administrators, Post and discuss classroom rules (including guidelines What is the single biggest risk factor for sexual abuse in sports? The returned items sell for $300 and cost$150. 3 0 obj Team meetings, which are typically short and held on a fairly regular basis, provide an excellent opportunity for education. Research does not suggest this is an effective is aggressive behavior that involves an imbalance of power . The cost of the merchandise is$800. Can Humans Detect Text by AI Chatbot GPT? In order for the change in real GDP caused by a shift in the aggregate demand curve to equal the amount of the shift in the curve, it is necessary to assume that the short-run aggregate supply curve is horizontal. one of the most important Shatner Inc. has decided to use the high-low method to estimate the total cost and the fixed and variable cost components of the total cost.