function (customConfigJson, config) { 1. cd C:\Users\Vibha\eclipse-workspace-test\demo. In the rare case that you need to mutate a Map or List returned from Java but while still within a JS block, use karate.toJson() to convert. sorts the list using the provided custom function called for each item in the list (and the optional second argument is the item index) e.g. Also see first.feature and second.feature in the demos. The function has to return a JSON object. Note that the path resets after any HTTP request is made but not the url. ] Karate Runner - Visual Studio Marketplace To create a feature file, right click on the Project explorer, choose New >> File. This is super-useful for re-use and data-driven tests. Expressions are evaluated using the embedded JavaScript engine. The syntax is similar to def but instead of a named variable, you update configuration. Testing a Java Spring Boot REST API with Karate - Semaphore It is like defining variables in any programming language. This will create a folder called myproject (or whatever you set the name to). """, # karate's unified data handling means that even 'match' works, # which means that checking if a cookie does NOT exist is a piece of cake, # check if the response status is either of two values, # this may be sufficient to check a range of values. Set its name to "Karate tests". Runners. But since some-reusable.feature is above AnimalsTest.java in the folder hierarchy, it will not be picked-up. Karate - How to run a specific scenario only in one environment? How to run a specific feature file in karate? - Technical-QA.com Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. Karate Tests you can immediately run, with validation, inline payload examples and . It is sometimes useful to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist. Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and shares some of the same concepts. In the first feature file creating a Git Repo. Standard JavaScript syntax rules apply, but the right-hand-side should begin with the function keyword if declared in-line. On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. It is important to note that myFile above is the field name within the multipart/form-data request payload. Note that even the scenario name can accept placeholders - which is very useful in reports. But note that you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~@region=GB. did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? Also see type conversion. Run Test from Command Line. The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. How to run a specific feature file in Karate? Also note that match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays. Refer to the cats-java.feature demo for an example. Find a blind with style, functionality, and privacy to suit your decor The last boolean argument is whether the karate-config.js should be processed or not. Karate supports JUnit 5 and the advantage is that you can have multiple methods in a test-class. Examples of defining and using JavaScript functions appear in earlier sections of this document. You get to choose how to manage your environment-specific configuration values such as user-names and passwords. sleep time in milliseconds, relevant only for. There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. But use wisely, because called scripts will now over-write variables that may have been already defined. The main island is separated from Peninsular Malaysia to the north by Johor Strait, a narrow channel crossed by a . For those who may prefer YAML as a simpler way to represent data, Karate allows you to read YAML content from a file - and it will be auto-converted into JSON. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. Especially when payloads are complex (or highly dynamic), it may be more practical to use contains semantics. ZenWave Karate IDE - Visual Studio Marketplace There can be multiple Scenario-s in a *.feature file, and at least one should be present. For example, here below is an actual report generated by the cucumber-reporting open-source library. 2. This is useful in any situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as GraphQL or SQL. 12341234 One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature. (with no space in between). Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content. 8 How to test the Karate API cheat sheet? This is what is normally expected and simulates a web-browser - which makes it easy to script things like HTML-form based authentication into test-flows. Karate creates a new context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration. For convenience, you can have multiple expressions separated by commas, so this is the recommended pattern: Similar to assert, the expressions on the right-hand-side of a print have to be valid JavaScript. How to check service status in karate DSL? Although all properties in the passed JSON-like argument are unpacked into the current scope as separate named variables, it sometimes makes sense to access the whole argument and this can be done via __arg. feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. """, # attempt to detect and ignore antialiasing, # customize color / brightness tolerances, # switch to `original` grayscale SSIM algorithm, # JS math can introduce a decimal point in some cases, # but you can easily coerce to an integer if needed, # or you can do the same on multiple lines if you wish, # set headers or params (if any) BEFORE the method step. The listenResult magic variable will hold the value passed to the call to karate.signal(). This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. name: John the NOT operator e.g. The @setup tag is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ignore. 'test1.feature', * def result = responseStatus == 404 ? This comes in useful because depending on how you organize your files and folders - you can have multiple feature files executed by a single JUnit test-class. This is especially useful when you want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment. Once you get used to this, you may even start wondering why projects need a src/test/resources folder at all ! # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! What this means is that you are free to use whatever makes sense for you. It is worth taking a few minutes to go through the documentation and examples here: JsonPath Examples. for advanced users - scripts can introspect the tags that apply to the current scope, refer to this example: for even more advanced users - Karate natively supports tags in a, when you want to get the absolute OS path to the argument which could even have a prefix such as, converts a JSON string or map-like object into a Java object, given the Java class name as the second argument, refer to this, converts a JSON array (of objects) or a list-like object into a CSV string, writing this to a file is your responsibility or you could use, rarely used, when you need to pass a JS function to custom Java code, typically for, for advanced conditional logic when object types are dynamic and not known in advance, see, returns only the values of a map-like object (or itself if a list-like object), will wait until the URL is ready to accept HTTP connections, will wait until the host:port is ready to accept socket connections, the current iteration index (starts from 0) if being called in a loop, will be, Java knowledge is not required and even non-programmers can write tests, Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM, Based on the popular Cucumber / Gherkin standard - with, Eliminate the need for Java Beans or helper code to represent payloads and HTTP end-points, and, Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from, Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly, Express expected results as readable, well-formed JSON or XML, and, Embedded JavaScript engine that allows you to build a library of, Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is, Standard Java / Maven project structure, and, Reports include HTTP request and response, Easily invoke JDK classes, Java libraries, or re-use custom Java code if needed, for. Also make sure that you complete the set up of things like url, param, header, configure etc. Valid options are, Resemble option to ignore a specific color, Resemble option to override preset tolerances for color and brightness, SSIM grayscale algorithm. You can perform database validations with karate by following the below steps. The tests eecutes fine if i use maven command or run from runner file( .java). A Karate test script has the file extension .feature which is the standard followed by Cucumber. Here is an example: Here above, you see the karate.log(), karate.env and karate.configure() helpers being used. $ represents the response. You cant do things such as * url 'http://foo.bar' and expect the URL to be set in the called feature. Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? You can also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON using karate.sort(). Anyway, there are times when you may want to force integers (perhaps for cosmetic reasons) and you can easily do so using the double-tilde short-cut: ~~. But you will never need to worry about this internal data-representation most of the time. You simply roll your own. but if you want to run only a specific feature file from a JUnit test even if there are multiple *.feature files in the same folder . for simulating check-boxes and multi-selects): You can also dynamically set multiple fields in one step using the form fields keyword. Create Karate API Test Script( Feature File ) - TestingDocs.com As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. Karate provides its own DSL (Domain Specific Language), which uses a Gherkin-like language enabling one to write tests without programming knowledge, and write tests in .feature files. Use a variable in the called feature instead, for e.g. Heres a reminder that the #notpresent marker can be mixed into an equality match (==) to assert that some keys exist and at the same time ensure that some keys do not exist: The ! We will use karate.properties [user.dir] which will automatically pick users working directory and then append it to the path of our project files. How can karate read data from external files? The structure should be a def keyword followed by a variable name and a value. You need to be familiar with Karate in order to understand the Calling Custome Java Code in Karate API Teststutorial. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. Feature: We use it to identify the feature file and give it a small title or a one line definition. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. We recommend that you use the Karate extension for Visual Studio Code - and with that, JavaScript, .NET and Python programmers will feel right at home. Karate Framework Tutorial: Automated API Testing With Karate Karate tool provides you with the step definitions. An image comparison UI will also be embedded into the Karate HTML report with detailed information about any differences between the two images. Before you consider the set keyword - note that for simple JSON update operations, you can use eval - especially useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. Given this custom, user-defined Java class: This is how it can be called from a test-script via JavaScript, and yes, even static methods can be invoked: Note that JSON gets auto-converted to Map (or List) when making the cross-over to Java. For some more examples check test-outline-name-js.feature. Here is an example of performing a configure driver step in JavaScript: By default, Karate will add logs to the report output so that HTTP requests and responses appear in-line in the HTML reports. So you can refer to the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if needed. hero(name: "") { Type the following commands: mvn spring-boot:run & mvn test -Dtest=KarateTests. A good example of where you may need this is if you programmatically write a file to the target folder, and then you can read it like this: Take a look at the Karate Demos for real-life examples of how you can use files for validating HTTP responses, like this one: read-files.feature. You can always directly access the variable called responseHeaders if you wanted to do more checks, but you typically wont need to. id: 1 Note that all the short-cut forms on the right-side of the table resolve to equality (==) matches, which enables them to be in-lined into a full (single-step) payload match, using embedded expressions. Since it is so easy to dive into Java-interop, Karate does not include any random-number functions, uuid generator or date / time utilities out of the box. To check whether particular field in response is present and not null using match !null To assert response by ignoring value of particular field So, first lets understand what is response in Karate. To run a script *. If you find yourself juggling multiple tags with logical AND and OR complexity, refer to this Stack Overflow answer. More examples of Java interop and how to invoke custom code can be found in the section on Calling Java. To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. data: { 82 lines (69 sloc) 3.06 KB. The recommended approach for Karate reporting in a Continuous Integration set-up is described in the next section which can generate the JUnit XML format that most CI tools can consume. If you have to set a bunch of deeply nested keys, you can move the parent path to the top, next to the set keyword and save a lot of typing ! In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario based on some condition. They should be at the end of the karate.options. {2}', id: '#uuid' }, # convenient (and recommended) way to check for array length, # here we enclose in round-brackets to preserve the optional embedded expression, # so that it can be used later in a "match", """ A very useful capability is to be able to check that an array contains an object that contains the provided sub-set of keys instead of having to specify the complete JSON - which can get really cumbersome for large objects. convenient way to execute an OS specific command and return the console output e.g. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat('yyyy/MM/dd'); This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. Does ZnSO4 + H2 at high pressure reverses to Zn + H2SO4? Here is an example, where the same websocket connection is used to send as well as receive a message. Something like this: For HTTPS / SSL, you can also specify a custom certificate or trust store by setting Java system properties. JSON arrays), see. In real-life tests, these are very useful when the order of items in arrays returned from the server are not guaranteed. A callonce is ideally used for only pure JSON. And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. And yes, relative paths will work. And since you can easily extend Karate using JavaScript, there is no need to compile Java code any more. You can still perform string comparisons such as a match contains and look for error messages etc. There are examples of calling JVM classes in the section on Java Interop and in the file-upload demo. Also refer to this demo example for a working example of multipart file uploads: upload.feature. Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. EDIT: Karate now supports being able to use a line-number, for e.g. Being able to define and re-use JavaScript functions is a powerful capability of Karate. If you are looking for a way to do something only once per Feature, take a look at callonce. And any variables which are alive in the context can be used in this expression. You can actually refer to any JsonPath on the document via $ and perform cross-field or conditional validations ! The match operation is smart because white-space does not matter, and the order of keys (or data elements) does not matter. A URL remains constant until you use the url keyword again, so this is a good place to set-up the non-changing parts of your REST URL-s. A URL can take expressions, so the approach below is legal. The .graphql and .gql extensions are also recognized (for GraphQL) but are handled the same way as .txt and treated as a string. One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature.However, unlike Cucumber, tests aren't written in Java and are fully described in the Gherkin file. Now it should be clear how Karate makes it easy to express JSON or XML. also explained how to grab the response . Then use the header keyword to do a custom over-ride if needed. I tryed the, @LorenzoNardi no other than just use a tag. downloadLatestFn('custom_latest.png') Karate Gatling | Karate #karate #junit5This video explain how you can call one scenario from another scenario from the same features files as well as from another feature file You can easily select (double-click), copy and paste this file: URL into your browser address bar. In some cases, for large payloads and especially when the default system encoding is not UTF-8 (Windows or non-US locales), you may run into issues where a java.io.ByteArrayInputStream is encountered instead of a string. to customize configuration output), Array of rectangles that should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset. So how can you get this value injected into the Karate configuration ? Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style. Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. height Note that the Content-Type header will be automatically set to: application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Use either the param keyword, e.g. The demo also features code-coverage using Jacoco, and some tips for even non-Java back-ends. In other words, when call or callonce is used without a def, the called script not only shares all variables (and configure settings) but can update the shared execution context. name: 'John', This is perfect for those cases where it really doesnt make sense - for example the Background section or when you use the def or set syntax. Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature. A common use case is to mix API-calls into a larger test-suite, for example a Selenium or WebDriver UI test. Note that it is a map of lists so you will need to do things like this: And just as in the responseCookies example above, you can use match to run complex validations on the responseHeaders. This is one reason why you may want to prefer a flat directory structure as explained above. The above example does not use shared scope, which means that the variables in the calling (parent) feature are not shared by the called my-signin.feature. This is a good time to deep-dive into JsonPath, which is perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks. Karate has the following short-cut symbols designed to be mixed into embedded expressions: For completeness, == and != also belong in the above list. This comes in useful . If parsing fails, Karate will log a warning and the value of response will then be a plain string. For advanced examples, refer to some of the scenarios within this demo: dynamic-params.feature. You should see the Karate: Run | Karate: Debug code lense on top of the feature and every scenario. Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. This will give you the usual HTML report showing what features will be run, including all steps shown (including comments) so that it can be reviewed. You can even use a regular-expression so that instead of checking for equality, Karate will just validate that the actual value conforms to the expected pattern. Speciality. odd: '#(oddSchema)', Karates native support for JSON means that you can assign parts of a JSON instance into another variable, which is useful when dealing with complex response payloads. { If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. Instead of using call (or callonce) you are always free to call JavaScript functions normally and then you can use more than one argument. Since these are tests and not production Java code, you dont need to be bound by the com.mycompany.foo.bar convention and the un-necessary explosion of sub-folders that ensues. karate. some.feature:42 so it will invoke only the Scenario or outline Example on line 42 - this is designed only for IDE-s and developer mode, use a . ##(subSchema) Default value is, Skip comparison for this field even if the data element or JSON key is present, Expects actual (string) value to conform to the UUID format, Expects actual (string) value to match the regular-expression STR (see examples above), Expects the JavaScript expression EXPR to evaluate to true, see, The parent of self or current item in the list, relevant when using, useful to create lists out of items (which can be lists as well), see, useful to append to a list-like variable (that has to exist) in scope, see, returns only unique items out of an array of strings or numbers, embeds the object (can be raw bytes or an image) into the JSON report output, see this, gets the value (read-only) of the environment property karate.env, and this is typically used for bootstrapping, for really advanced needs, you can programmatically generate a snippet of JavaScript which can be evaluated at run-time, you can find an example. If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). Conditional logic is not recommended especially within test scripts because tests should be deterministic. or anything wrapped in parentheses which will be evaluated as JavaScript - e.g. In cases where the data-source needs multiple steps, for e.g. Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. And when you read your JSON objects from (re-usable) files, even complex response payload assertions can be accomplished in just a single line of Karate-script. countryId: '#number', subType: { name: 'Smith', deleted: false } Here is an example: binary.feature. You can then skip the next few sections, as the pom.xml, recommended directory structure, sample test and JUnit 5 runners - will be created for you. Note that you would typically want to use the @ignore tag for such cases. The response is automatically available as a JSON, XML or String object depending on what the response contents are. "c": 5 Keep in mind that the start-up configuration routine could have already initialized some variables before the script even started. A karate-timeline.html file will also be saved to the report output directory mentioned above (target/karate-reports by default) - which is useful for visually verifying or troubleshooting the effectiveness of the test-run (see video). A common requirement is to build an array with n elements or do something n times where n is an integer (that could even be a variable reference). UI for debugging the Test. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). If you use the above config, logs will be captured in target/karate.log. But you can suffix a ?name to the feature to de-dupe it, like so: Now adminResponse and userResponse will be different, even though the same feature file is being used for a callSingle(). It is a great example of how to effectively use the unique combination of Cucumber and JsonPath that Karate provides. You can imagine how you could evolve a nice set of utilities that validate all your domain objects. Difficulties with estimation of epsilon-delta limit proof. In situations where you start an (embedded) application server as part of the test set-up phase, a typical challenge is that the HTTP port may be determined at run-time. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). In rare cases, e.g. For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. # the step that immediately follows the above would typically be: * def putOrPost = (someVariable == 'dev' ? Karate will traverse sub-directories and look for *.feature files. The following are some features of the Karate Testing Framework: Makes use of easy-to-understand Gherkins language. return sdf.parse(s).time; // '.getTime()' would also have worked instead of '.time' Open a feature file after you have installed the plug-in. auth tokens) only once for all of your tests. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. Some XPath expressions return a list of nodes (instead of a single node). A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove).